Detection of AIS Messages Falsifications and Spoofing by Checking Messages Compliance with TDMA Protocol
Résumé
Automatic identification system is an navigation aid system that allows vessels to exange automatically positions, identity and other information. It improves the safety and of the maritime traffic and help to monitor it. However, this system can be manipulated to send falsified information and mask illicit activities. While previous research has proposed strategies to detect these threats, none of them suggest a solution that considers the time-division multiple access (TDMA) communication protocol. In this work, the compliance of the sent messages with this protocol, specified by the system's standard, is checked for every ship to detect message falsifications. Furthermore, because the ships velocity affects TDMA protocol, a strategy based on the use of a Kalman filter is applied to track every ship and assesses the consistency of their velocity data sent.
The proposed strategy was validated on real data, is computationally cheap and can be run in real time. Source codes of the method are open-source to foster research activities from both industry and academia in this field.
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